For a while now i've been having these rather strange connectivity issues at home where occasionally I wouldn't be able to access some websites, but others would work and it wasn't all devices at the same time either. It was very random. I had a look at my PA and couldn't see anything that stood out at first as to what may be causing the issues. This had been going on randomly over a couple of weeks and the issue would come and go within 5 minutes so I only had a short window of time to investigate while the issue was happening.

I've been playing around with Kali Linux lately and trying some of the basic tools for pen testing. Not for anything in particular other than my own curiosity and several times i found that when I connected to the VM Console or attempted to VNC to the server, I would enter my credentials and it would appear to login, but then simply present me the login screen again. No matter how many times i tried, I was not able to actually log in to the server.

When I started my home lab I wanted to make sure that I had real SSL certificates that are signed by a trusted authority. I ended up going with letsencrypt and setup certbot to maintain the certificates and it was working well and auto-renew was working without a problem. I'd done some software updates on my server and noticed that the certbot logs were showing that they were unable to verify the certificates. I ran a manual test of the renew using the command certbot renew --dry-run and kepy getting the below error. 

This is the 3rd and final part of this series on building your own VXLAN Lab using ESXi and the Cisco Nexus Virtual switches. 

• Part 1: VMWare and Virtual Switch Configuration
• Part 2: Underlay and VXLAN Configuration

This post will go through the creation of the VRF's for the Prod and PPD VM's and also configuring the Layer 3 VNI's for each VRF and establishing connectivity between hosts and the external network. 

If you've followed Part 1, you should now have your virtual switches configured, and be able to ping between the Spine switch, the Border Gateway switch, and Leaf Switches. Now it's time to start configuring the underlay routing and then VXLAN itself. 

This is going to be a multi part post on building your own VXLAN lab environment using ESXi and the Nexus 9k Virtual switches. This will be a very simple and small VXLAN Lab with 2 Leaf Switches, 1 Spine switch and a Border Gateway switch, but it will be enough to enable you to get your head around how VXLAN/BGP EVPN works and the benefits of it. 

This post will go through configuring a Palo Alto firewall HA pair using LACP and enabling HA Passive State to speed up failover.  

I was looking into the fail over process on Palo Alto firewalls when configured in and active/standby configuration and having ports in LACP mode and was testing some failover procedures and found that without enabling specific LACP fail over settings there was noticeable packet loss while LACP negotiated on the standby PA. 

Recently I managed to pick up a PA-220 second hand for my lab and while i know it's old, it's still a great little firewall. I've got it up and running and it works well. Yes commiting changes can be quite slow, but for what i'm using it for that's not a big deal. I may try and get a Lab license if I can but really, it's just for me to play around with so will have to see how that actually goes. 

If you've read my recent posts, you'll know that I have a PA-220 firewall in my home lab now and have setup wired and wireless 802.1x authentication in my home network using Cisco ISE. I've now decided that I'd like to make use of the PA User-ID feature in my home network to allow only authenticated users access to specific resources on the network. To do this, I'm going to use the Cisco ISE Radius Accounting logs to send the user information to the firewall and create rules based on username instead of source IP.

I've been playing around with some BGP configuration lately and have come across advertise maps before but never really looked into them. A BGP advertise map is basically a way of telling the router, if this route exists or does not exist, then advertise these routes.